'Maghoula-hunting' in Thessaly

Excavations by the Greek Archaeological Service had drawn attention to the potential of Thessaly.

Alan J.B. Wace and A.W. Van Buren (of the American Academy at Rome) invesitigated the Magnesian peninsula in April 1905. They identified a possible site for excavation at Kato Georgi near Cape Sopias; this site, designated as Theotokou, was excavated by Wace and John P. Droop in 1907.

Wace and Droop had hoped to find remains of a Doric temple but were disappointed. They went 'maghoula-hunting' and identified a prehistoric mound at Zerelia near Almyros; this was excavated in 1908, with Maurice S. Thompson joining the team.

Wace and Thompson were joined in 1909 by T. Eric Peet. They worked on two sites: Palaeomylos near Lianokladi, in the Spercheios Valley, and Tzani Maghoula near Sophades. This work suggested to them that there were no clear links between the cultures of the Aegean and Central Europe.

Wace and Thompson excavated at Tsangli in 1910. Wynfrid Duckworth, who had worked with the BSA at Palaikastro, examined a skull found in one of the Neolithic levels. A second site was excavated at Rachmani, to the north-west of Larisa.

References
Bosanquet, R. C. 1902. "Thessaly. Prehistoric villages in Thessaly." Man 2: 106-07. [JSTOR]
Wace, A. J. B. 1906. "The topography of Pelion and Magnesia." Journal of Hellenic Studies 26: 143-68. [JSTOR]
—. 1908. "Topography of Pelion and Magnesia - Addenda." Journal of Hellenic Studies 28: 337. [JSTOR]
Wace, A. J. B., and J. P. Droop. 1906/07. "Excavations at Theotokou, Thessaly." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 308-27.
Wace, A. J. B., J. P. Droop, and M. S. Thompson. 1907/08. "Excavations at Zerélia, Thessaly." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 197-223.
Peet, T. E., A. J. B. Wace, and M. S. Thompson. 1908. "The connection of the Aegean civilization with Central Europe." Classical Review 22: 233-38. [JSTOR]
Vassits, M. M. 1907/08. "South-eastern elements in the pre-historic civilization of Servia." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 319-42.
Thompson, M. S., and A. J. B. Wace. 1909. "The connection of the Aegean culture with Servia." Classical Review 23: 209-12. [JSTOR]
Wace, A. J. B., and M. S. Thompson. 1910. "Excavations in Thessaly, 1910." Man 10: 159-60. [JSTOR]
Duckworth, W. L. H. 1911. "35. Report on a Human Skull from Thessaly (Now in the Cambridge University Anatomical Museum)." Man 11: 49-50. [JSTOR]
Wace, A. J. B., and M. S. Thompson. 1911. "The distribution of early civilization in northern Greece." Geographical Journal 37: 631-36. [JSTOR]
Wace, A. J. B., and M. S. Thompson. 1912. Prehistoric Thessaly: being some account of recent excavations and explorations in north-eastern Greece from Lake Kopais to the borders of Macedonia. Cambridge archaeological and ethnological series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Woodward, A. M. 1913. "Inscriptions from Thessaly and Macedonia." Journal of Hellenic Studies 33: 313-46. [JSTOR]

Image
Skull from Neolithic layer at Tsangli.

Macedonian Exploration Fund

The Macedonian Exploration Fund was announced in March 1911:

Preliminary journeys in Macedonia have shown that local conditions are exceptionally favourable to more systematic work; and it has been decided to form a committee of Oxford and Cambridge scholars to conduct research in the history, archaeology, and anthropology of these Balkan lands.

The initial support had come, in part, from Liverpool where Myres had held a chair (until 1910 when he moved back to Oxford). As money did not seem to be forthcoming a further announcement was made. The Times (July 31, 1911) reported:

Macedonia, as well as Thrace, has hitherto has been a terra incognita, though afford a most promising field for research in prehistoric, classical, Byzantine, and medieval archaeology.

Alan J.B. Wace and Maurice S. Thompson had just completed their research in Thessaly and were engaged for the work in Macedonia.

The outbreak of the First Balkan War in October 1912 (and the capture of Salonica in November) disrupted further work. As war broke out throughout Europe Wace explored the possibility of excavating at Olynthos (though this was in fact conducted by the American D.M. Robinson after the First World War). The trench warfare in Macedonia brought to light numerous archaeologial sites and the British School conducted further excavations during the 1920s.

The Committee

• Dr Arthur John Evans (1851-1941) (chairman)
• David George Hogarth (1862-1927)
• Sir William Ramsay (1851-1939)
• ProfessorJohn Bagnell Bury (1861-1927)
• Walter Leaf (1852-1927)
• Professor William Ridgeway (1858-1926)
• George Leonard Cheesman (1884-1915)
• Maurice S. Thompson
• Alan John Bayard Wace (1879-1957)
• Professor John Linton Myres (1869-1954) (secretary)
• Vincent W. Yorke (treasurer)
  

Donors to the Macedonian Exploration Fund

• Dr Arthur John Evans: £25
• Robert Carr Bosanquet: £2.2.0
• Professor John Linton Myres: £5
• Professor William Ridgeway: £2.2.0
• Leonard Whibley: £2.2.0
• Alan John Bayard Wace: £5
• Cambridge Classical Society: £5.5.0
• David George Hogarth: £2.2.0
• ProfessorJohn Bagnell Bury: £2.2.0
• Maurice S. Thompson: £5

References
Casson, S., and E. A. Gardner. 1918/19. "Macedonia. II. Antiquities found in the British Zone, 1915-1919." Annual of the British School at Athens 23: 10-43, pls. i-xiii.
Heurtley, W. A. 1939. Prehistoric Macedonia: an archaeological reconnaissance of Greek Macedonia (west of the Struma) in the Neolithic, Bronze, and early Iron ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wace, A. J. B. 1914/16. "The site of Olynthus." Annual of the British School at Athens 21: 11-15.
Wace, A. J. B., and M. S. Thompson. 1911. "The Distribution of Early Civilization in Northern Greece." Geographical Journal 37: 631-36.
Wace, A. J. B., and A. M. Woodward. 1911/12. "Inscriptions from Upper Macedonia." Annual of the British School at Athens 18: 166-88.
Woodward, A. M. 1911/12. "Inscriptions from Beroea in Macedonia." Annual of the British School at Athens 18: 133-65.

Archaeology in Greece (1886-1921)

A report on archaeological work was initiated by Penrose in the first year of the School. This was continued initially by Jane Harrison, and then by Ernest Gardner as director. It was sometimes authored or co-authored by the assistant director or librarian (Richards, Bosanquet, Tod, Hasluck, Droop). When the Annual was started the report appeared in both the Journal of Hellenic Studies and the Annual (1894/95, 1895/96). Wace contributed a single report on work in Asia Minor (1903).

Penrose, F. C. 1887. "Excavations in Greece, 1886-1887." Journal of Hellenic Studies 8: 269-77.
Harrison, J. E. 1888. "Archaeology in Greece, 1887-1888." Journal of Hellenic Studies 9: 118-33.
Gardner, E. A. 1889. "Archaeology in Greece, 1888-89." Journal of Hellenic Studies 10: 254-80, pl. viii.
—. 1890. "Archaeology in Greece, 1889-90." Journal of Hellenic Studies 11: 210-17.
—. 1891. "Archaeology in Greece, 1890-91." Journal of Hellenic Studies 12: 385-97.
—. 1892/3. "Archaeology in Greece, 1892." Journal of Hellenic Studies 13: 139-52.
—. 1894. "Archaeology in Greece, 1893-94." Journal of Hellenic Studies 14: 224-32.
—. 1894/5. "Archaeology in Greece, 1894-5." Annual of the British School at Athens 1: 55-66.
—. 1895. "Archaeology in Greece, 1894-5." Journal of Hellenic Studies 15: 202-10.
Smith, C. 1895/6. "Archaeology in Greece, 1895-6." Annual of the British School at Athens 2: 47-62.
—. 1896. "Archaeology in Greece, 1895-6." Journal of Hellenic Studies 16: 335-56.
Richards, G. C. 1898. "Archaeology in Greece, 1897-1898." Journal of Hellenic Studies 18: 328-39.
Hogarth, D. G., and R. C. Bosanquet. 1899. "Archaeology in Greece, 1898-9." Journal of Hellenic Studies 19: 319-29.
Bosanquet, R. C. 1900. "Archaeology in Greece, 1899-1900." Journal of Hellenic Studies 20: 167-81.
—. 1901. "Archaeology in Greece, 1900-1901." Journal of Hellenic Studies 21: 334-52.
Bosanquet, R. C., and M. N. Tod. 1902. "Archaeology in Greece, 1901-1902." Journal of Hellenic Studies 22: 378-94.
Wace, A. J. B. 1903. "Recent excavations in Asia Minor." Journal of Hellenic Studies 23: 335-55.
Dawkins, R. M. 1907. "Archaeology in Greece (1906-1907)." Journal of Hellenic Studies 27: 284-99.
—. 1908a. "Archaeology in Greece, 1907-1908." Journal of Hellenic Studies 28: 319-36.
—. 1908b. "Archaeology in Greece: a correction." Journal of Hellenic Studies 28: 153.
—. 1909. "Archaeology in Greece, 1908-1909." Journal of Hellenic Studies 29: 354-65.
—. 1910. "Archaeology in Greece, 1909-1910." Journal of Hellenic Studies 30: 357-64.
—. 1911. "Archaeology in Greece (1910-1911)." Journal of Hellenic Studies 31: 296-307.
Hasluck, F. W. 1912. "Archaeology in Greece 1911-1912." Journal of Hellenic Studies 32: 385-90.
Droop, J. P. 1913. "Archaeology in Greece, 1912-1913." Journal of Hellenic Studies 33: 361-68.
Wace, A. J. B. 1921. "Archaeology in Greece, 1919-1921." Journal of Hellenic Studies 41: 260-76.

Epigraphy and Cambridge students

Ernest Stewart Roberts (1847-1912) was one of the significant influences on Cambridge students for the study of epigraphy. He was college lecturer in classics at Gonville & Caius (and later Master). One of his students was Ernest Gardner (1862-1939), the first student at and second director of the BSA. They later collaborated on Roberts' two volume Introduction to Greek Epigraphy (1887-1905).

Gardner had published the Greek inscriptions from Petrie's excavations at Naukratis as well as studies of Cockerell's notes on Greek inscriptions. Henry J.W. Tillyard (1881-1968) was also a student at Caius. He was admitted to the BSA as assistant librarian (1904/05) and took part in the work in Laconia publishing the inscriptions from Geraki and Sparta (1906, 1907).

Few other Cambridge students published inscriptions. William Loring (1865-1915) published a fragment from the Edict of Diocletian from Megalopolis, and some new inscriptions from the site of ancient Tegea. Vincent Yorke (1869-1957) took part in the surveys of eastern Anatolia and published some of the finds. Caroline Amy Hutton (c. 1861-1931) published some funerary texts from Suvla Bay, and the Greek inscriptions from Petworth House.

Alan Wace (and Maurice Thompson) published a Latin inscription of the reign of Trajan that they had noted in Macedonia. However they seemed to have passed their notes on inscriptions to Oxford-trained Marcus N. Tod and Arthur M. Woodward.

Select bibliography
Gardner, E. A. 1885a. "Inscriptions copied by Cockerell in Greece, I." Journal of Hellenic Studies 6: 143-52.
—. 1885b. "Inscriptions copied by Cockerell in Greece, II." Journal of Hellenic Studies 6: 340-63.
—. 1885c. "Inscriptions from Cos, &c." Journal of Hellenic Studies 6: 248-60.
—. 1886. "An inscription from Chalcedon." Journal of Hellenic Studies 7: 154-56.
—. 1887. "An inscription from Boeae." Journal of Hellenic Studies 8: 214-15.
—. 1893. "The Archermus inscription." Classical Review 7: 140-41.
Hutton, C. A. 1914/16a. "The Greek inscriptions at Petworth House." Annual of the British School at Athens 21: 155-65.
—. 1914/16b. "Two sepulchral inscriptions from Suvla Bay." Annual of the British School at Athens 21: 166-68.
Loring, W. 1890. "A new portion of the edict of Diocletian from Megalopolis." Journal of Hellenic Studies 11: 299-342.
—. 1895. "Four fragmentary inscriptions." Journal of Hellenic Studies 15: 90-92.
Tillyard, H. J. W. 1904/05a. "Boundary and mortgage stones from Attica." Annual of the British School at Athens 11: 63-71.
—. 1904/05b. "Laconia II. Geraki. 3. Inscriptions." Annual of the British School at Athens 11: 105-12.
—. 1905/06a. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 9. Inscriptions from the Artemisium." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 351-93.
—. 1905/06b. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 14. Inscriptions from the altar, the acropolis, and other sites." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 441-79.
Tod, M. N. 1922. "Greek inscriptions from Macedonia." Journal of Hellenic Studies 42: 167-83.
Tod, M. N., H. J. W. Tillyard, and A. M. Woodward. 1906/07. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 10. The inscriptions." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 174-218.
Wace, A. J. B., and M. S. Thompson. 1910/11. "A Latin inscription from Perrhaebia." Annual of the British School at Athens 17: 193-204.
Wace, A. J. B., and A. M. Woodward. 1911/12. "Inscriptions from Upper Macedonia." Annual of the British School at Athens 18: 166-88.
Woodward, A. M. 1913. "Inscriptions from Thessaly and Macedonia." Journal of Hellenic Studies 33: 313-46.
Yorke, V. W. 1898. "Inscriptions from eastern Asia Minor." Journal of Hellenic Studies 18: 306-27.

Sparta 1907: the excavation team

The 1907 team consisted of:

• Richard Dawkins (director)
• Alan Wace
• Guy Dickins
• John P. Droop

Occasional help was provided by:

• H.J.W. Tillyard
• T.E. Peet
• A.M. Woodward
• W.S. George

Publications:
Dawkins, R. M. 1906/07a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 1. The season's work and summary of results." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 1-4.
—. 1906/07b. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 4. The sanctuary of Artemis Orthia." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 44-108.
Dickins, G. 1906/07a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 7. The Hieron of Athena Chalkioikos." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 137-54.
—. 1906/07b. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 9. The sanctuary on the Megalopolis road." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 169-73.
Droop, J. P. 1906/07a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 5. The early bronzes." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 109-17.
—. 1906/07b. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 6. The early pottery." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 118-36.
Tod, M. N., H. J. W. Tillyard, and A. M. Woodward. 1906/07. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 10. The inscriptions." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 174-218.
Wace, A. J. B. 1906/07a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 2. The city walls." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 5-16.
—. 1906/07b. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 3. The stamped tiles." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 17-43.
Wace, A. J. B., and G. Dickins. 1906/07a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 8. The Hellenistic tombs." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 155-68.
—. 1906/07b. "Laconia. I. Excavations at Sparta, 1907. § 8. The tombs." Annual of the British School at Athens 13: 155-68.

Directors: The Inter-War Years

The Directors of the BSA during the period 1918-1945 were:

• Alan John Bayard Wace: 1914-23. [ODNB]
  
• Arthur Maurice Woodward: 1923-29. [DBC]
  
• Humfry Gilbert Garth Payne: 1929-36. [ODNB]
  
• Alan Albert Antisdel Blakeway: 1936. [DBC]
• Gerard Mackworth Young (Mackworth-Young from 1947): 1936-46. [ODNB]
  

Cambridge: Wace, Young.
Oxford: Woodward, Payne, Blakeway.

BSA Students and Coins

The main research topics for students were on pottery and sculpture. However several worked on coins. Among the Cambridge students, Francis Brayne-Baker of Christ’s College studied coins from Asia Minor. Sidney W. Grose also of Christ’s College worked on the McClean coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum and subsequently became honorary keeper there. Alan Wace of Pembroke College published a coin hoard of Hellenistic coins found at Sparta.

Among the Oxford students, Joseph G. Milne of Corpus Christi College excavated in Egypt (publishing coins from the Faiyum), and subsequently became deputy keeper of coins in the Ashmolean Museum (1931-51). John W. Crowfoot of Brasenose College worked on the iconography of Thracian coins, linking them to specific inscriptions from Athens. E.S.G. Robinson of Christ Church worked on numismatics in the collections at Athens, and collected coins on his journey through Lycia and Pamphylia. He subsequently became assistant keeper, and then keeper, in the department of Coins and Medals at the British Museum.

Select Bibliography
Baker, F. B. 1892. "Coin-types of Asia Minor." Numismatic Chronicle 12: 89-97.
—. 1893. "Some rare or unpublished Greek coins." Numismatic Chronicle 13: 21-35.
Crowfoot, J. W. 1897. "A Thracian Portrait." Journal of Hellenic Studies 17: 321-26.
Grenfell, B. P., A. S. Hunt, D. G. Hogarth, and J. G. Milne. 1900. Fayum towns and their papyri. Egypt Exploration Fund. Graeco-Roman branch. Memoirs, vol. 3. London: Egypt Exploration Fund.
Grose, S. W. 1915. "Croton." Numismatic Chronicle 15: 179-91.
—. 1916a. "A dekadrachm by Kimon and a note on Greek coin dies." Numismatic Chronicle 16: 113-32.
—. 1916b. "Some rare coins of Magna Graecia." Numismatic Chronicle 16: 201-45.
—. 1917. "Primitiae Heracliensis." Numismatic Chronicle 17: 169-89.
—. 1920. "The Balliol College collection." Numismatic Chronicle 20, 4th ser.: 117.
—. 1923. Catalogue of the McClean collection of Greek coins [in the] Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Milne, J. G. 1905a. "A hoard of coins from Egypt of the fourth century B.C." Revue archéologique 5: 257-61.
—. 1905b. "Roman coin-moulds from Egypt." Numismatic Chronicle: 342.
—. 1908a. "The copper coinage of the Ptolemies." Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 1: 30-40.
—. 1908b. "The leaden token coinage of Egypt under the Romans." Numismatic Chronicle: 287.
—. 1911a. "The Dadia hoard of the coins of Knidos." Numismatic Chronicle: 197.
—. 1911b. "Hoard of silver coins of Knidos." Numismatic Chronicle: 197.
—. 1912. "Two hoards of coins of Cos." Numismatic Chronicle: 14.
—. 1913. "Coutermarked coins of Asia Minor." Numismatic Chronicle: 389-98.
—. 1914. "A hoard of coins of Temnos." Numismatic Chronicle: 260.
—. 1916. "A hoard of bronze coins of Smyrna." Numismatic Chronicle: 246.
—. 1917. "The Alexandrian coinage of the early years of Hadrian." Numismatic Chronicle 17: 31.
—. 1917. "Some Alexandrian coins." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 4: 177-86.
—. 1920. "Two Roman hoards of coins from Egypt." Journal of Roman Studies 10: 169-84.
—. 1922. "The coins from Oxyrhynchus." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 8: 158-63.
—. 1929. "Ptolemaic coinage in Egypt." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 15: 150-53.
—. 1931. "Woodeaton coins." Journal of Roman Studies 21: 101-09.
—. 1933. "The Beni Hasan coin-hoard." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 19: 119-21.
—. 1935. "Report on coins found at Tebtunis in 1900." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 21: 210-16.
—. 1936. "Pliny on the First Coinages at Rome." Classical Review 50: 215-17.
—. 1938. "Roman literary evidence on the coinage." Journal of Roman Studies 28: 70-74.
—. 1940. "The "Philippus" coin at Rome." Journal of Roman Studies 30: 11-15.
—. 1943. "Pictorial coin-types at the Roman mint of Alexandria." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 29: 63-66.
—. 1945. "Alexandrian coins acquired by the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 31: 85-91.
—. 1946. "The problem of the early Roman coinage." Journal of Roman Studies 36: 91-100.
—. 1950. "Pictorial coin-types at the Roman mint of Alexandria: a supplement." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 36: 83-85.
—. 1951. "Pictorial coin-types at the Roman mint of Alexandria: a second supplement." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 37: 100-02.
Robinson, E. S. G. 1914. "Coins from Lycia and Pamphylia." Journal of Hellenic Studies 34: 36-46.
—. 1946. "Rhegion, Zankle-Messana and the Samians." Journal of Hellenic Studies 66: 13-20.
—. 1951. "The coins from the Ephesian Artemision reconsidered." Journal of Hellenic Studies 71: 156-67.
Wace, A. J. B. 1907/08. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 8. A hoard of Hellenistic coins." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 149-58.

Directors: the Transition from Dawkins to Wace

Richard M. Dawkins was due to complete his term of office as director at the end of September 1913. However in this was extended for an additional year (in spite of the suggestion in Helen Waterhouse that his term of office came to an end in 1913). Alan J.B. Wace was offered the directorship in the autumn of 1913, to start from October 1914.

Dawkins felt he could resign due to the death of his mother's cousin, the historian John Andrew Doyle (1844-1907). Dawkins inherited Doyle's two houses in Wales: Plas Dulas in Denbighshire and Pendarren near Crickhowell. Dawkins' mother, Mary Louisa, was a granddaughter of Sir John Easthope (1784-1865).

One of Dawkins' neighbours in Crickhowell was Harry Pirie-Gordon who was admitted as a student in 1908.

Reference
Waterhouse, H. 1986. The British School at Athens: the first hundred years. British School at Athens supplementary volume, vol. 19. London: Thames & Hudson.

BSA and Museum Catalogues

John L. Myres held to prepare a Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum (1899) that presented some of the work of the Cyprus Exploration Fund directed by Ernest Gardner. He subsequently researched the catalogue of the Cesnola Collection in New York.

As part of Bosanquet's work in Laconia, M.N. Tod and A.J.B. Wace prepared A Catalogue of the Sparta Museum (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906). This led to invitation for the BSA to be involved with the production of a catalogue for the Acropolis Museum. One of the key researchers was Guy Dickins (who was killed during the First World War): Stanley Casson had to prepare the second volume for publication in 1921. Dorothy Lamb worked on the terracottas.

References
Ohnefalsch-Richter, M. H., and J. L. Myres. 1899. A Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum: with a Chronicle of Excavations Undertaken since the British Occupation, and Introductory Notes on Cypriote Archaeology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Tod, M. N., and A. J. B. Wace. 1906. A Catalogue of the Sparta Museum. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Myres, J. L. 1914. Handbook of the Cesnola Collection of Antiquities from Cyprus. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Dickins, G. 1912. Catalogue of the Acropolis Museum I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Casson, S. (ed.) 1921. Catalogue of the Acropolis Museum II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

BSA Students and Museums

BSA Students had learned skills of working on museum collections in Greece, and the BSA was responsible for the publications of catalogues of the Sparta and the Akropolis Museums. Cecil Harcourt-Smith had been seconded from the British Museum to serve as Director of the BSA. Surprisingly only two of the students seem to have worked at the British Museum, and neither in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities. John P. Droop was an assistant to Aurel Stein (1909-11), whereas E.S.G. Robinson joined the Department of Coins and Medals as an assistant in 1912 just after his time in Athens. The department was then under the Keepership of George Hill who had been working on the catalogue of Greek coins. Robinson in effect took over from the work of Warwick Wroth who had died in 1911. Robinson continued to work in the Department, apart from an interlude of war service, until his retirement in 1952; he was promoted to Keeper in 1949.

Several students found work in the University museums at Oxford and Cambridge. M. Rhodes James was the assistant director of the Fitzwilliam Museum (1886-93) while he was admitted to work with Ernest Gardner on the Cyprus Exploration Fund. The Fitzwilliam helped to sponsor the excavations and as a result acquired a number of finds including sculpture. He served under John H. Middleton (1889-92), and succeeded him as Director (1893-1908). Grose joined the museum in 1914 working on a catalogue of the Greek collection.

In Oxford David G. Hogarth succeed Arthur Evans as Keeper at the Ashmolean Museum in November 1908. During this period he developed the collections of Cretan and Hittite antiquities. During the First World War he served in Cairo, returning to Oxford in June 1919. After the war he continued to work on the Hittites, but failing health restricted his activities and he died in 1927. J.G. Milne was appointed Deputy Keeper of Coins, Ashmolean Museum (1931-51), a post formerly held (until 1928) by Humfry Payne. Milne was also a reader in numismatics (1930-38) and librarian of Corpus Christi College (1933-46).

Other former students of the BSA were involved with national collections. Adolph Paul Oppé worked at the Victoria and Albert Museum for two periods (1906-07, 1910-13), and Alan J.B. Wace became Deputy Keeper (1924-34) after his time as Director at the School came to an end. Wace’s expertise with textiles from the Aegean and Anatolia was used to great effect. Solomon C. Kaines Smith was appointed the first official lecturer at the National Gallery in London (1914-16): the position was disrupted by the First World War. After a short career lecturing in Cambridge, he became director of the City Art Gallery in Leeds (1924-27), followed by keeper of the City Museum and Art Gallery, Birmingham (1927-41).

Two students held museum positions outside British. C.C. Edgar, a former inspector of antiquities in Egypt, was appointed assistant keeper at the Cairo Museum in 1920, and Keeper in 1923. In North America C.H. Hawes was appointed Associate Director of the Museum in Fine Arts in Boston.

BSA and the British School at Rome

Students at the BSA often combined part of the year at the British School at Rome.

Cambridge students:

• Alan John Bayard Wace (BSR 1903/04)
• Mary Hamilton (BSR 1905)
• Henry Julius Wetenhall Tillyard (BSR 1905)
• Gisela Marie Augusta Richter (BSR 1906)
• John Percival Droop (BSR 1907)
• Arthur Charles Sheepshanks (BSR 1907)
• Wynfrid Laurence Henry Duckworth (BSA 1909)
• Sidney Wilson Grose (BSR 1910)
• Agnes Ethel Conway (BSR 1912)
• Mary N.L. Taylor (BSR 1913, 1914; Gilchrist Studentship 1914); married to Harold C. Bradshaw, Rome Scholar

Oxford students:

• Guy Dickins (BSR 1905)
• William Moir Calder (BSR 1907)
• Thomas Eric Peet (BSR 1909, Pelham Student)
• Norman Whatley (BSR 1910)
• Arnold Jospeh Toynbee (BSR 1911)

Other students:

• William Alexander Kirkwood (BSR 1904)
• Duncan Mackenzie
  

Architects:

• Frank George Orr (BSR 1904)
• W. Harvey (BSR 1908)
• Lionel Bailey Budden (1909)
• Harry Herbert Jewell (BSR 1910)
• George Esslemont Gordon Leith (BSR 1911, Herbert Baker Studentship)

Several former students of the BSA also held positions at the BSR:

• Henry Stuart-Jones was the second director Director of the BSR (1903-05)
• Alan John Bayard Wace was librarian of the BSR (1905/06).
• Augustus Moore Daniel (associate student of the BSA), was Assistant Director of the BSR (1906/07); he was married to Margery Katharine Welsh a former student of the BSA
  
• Eugenie Sellers-Strong was Assistant Director of the BSR (1909-25)
• William Loring was honorary secretary of the BSR (as well as the BSA)
• John Ff. Baker Penoyre, secretary to the BSR (1904-12) (as well as the BSA)
  

Sparta 1909: the excavation team

The 1909 team consisted of:

• Richard Dawkins (director)
• Alan Wace
• John P. Droop
• A.M. Woodward
• Maurice S. Thompson
• Walter George (draughtsman and surveyor)

Publications:
Dawkins, R. M. 1908/9. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1909. § 1. The season's work." Annual of the British School at Athens 15: 1-4.
—. 1908/09. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1909. § 2. The sanctuary of Artemis Orthia." Annual of the British School at Athens 15: 5-22.
Droop, J. P. 1908/09. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1909. § 3. The pottery." Annual of the British School at Athens 15: 23-39.
Giles, P. 1908/09. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1909. § 5. Lycurgus as Patronomus. A Scottish parallel." Annual of the British School at Athens 15: 107.
Wace, A. J. B., M. S. Thompson, and J. P. Droop. 1908/09. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1909. § 6. The Menelaion." Annual of the British School at Athens 15: 108-57.
Woodward, A. M. 1908/09. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1909. § 4. The inscriptions." Annual of the British School at Athens 15: 40-106.

Sparta 1908: the excavation team

The 1908 team consisted of:

• Richard Dawkins (director)
• Alan Wace
• Guy Dickins
• John P. Droop
• A.M. Woodward
• 'other students'

Publications:
Dawkins, R. M. 1907/08a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 1. The season's work." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 1-3.
—. 1907/08b. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 2. The sanctuary of Artemis Orthia." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 4-29.
Dickins, G. 1907/08. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 6. The hieron of Athena Chalkioikos." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 142-46.
Droop, J. P. 1907/08. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 3. The pottery." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 30-47.
Farrell, J. 1907/08. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 4. The archaic terracottas from the sanctuary of Orthia." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 48-73.
Wace, A. J. B. 1907/08a. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 7. A third-century marble head." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 147-48.
—. 1907/08b. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 8. A hoard of Hellenistic coins." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 149-58.
Woodward, A. M. 1907/08. "Laconia I. Excavations at Sparta, 1908. § 5. The inscriptions." Annual of the British School at Athens 14: 74-141.

Sparta 1906: the excavation team

The 1906 team consisted of:

• Robert Carr Bosanquet (Director)
• Guy Dickins
• H.J.W. Tillyard
• Mr Sejk (surveyor)
• Ramsay Traquair (architect)

Later the team was joined by

• Alan Wace
• Richard Dawkins (who took charge of the work at the sanctuary of Artemis Orthia)

Publications:
Bosanquet, R. C. 1905/06a. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 1. The season's work." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 277-83.
—. 1905/06b. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 5. The sanctuary of Artemis Orthia." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 303-17.
—. 1905/06c. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 7. The cult of Orthia as illustrated by the finds." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 331-43.
Dawkins, R. M. 1905/06. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 6. Remains of the Archaic Greek period." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 318-30.
Dickins, G. 1905/06a. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 4. The great altar near the Eurotas." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 295-302.
—. 1905/06b. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 10. The theatre and adjoining area." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 394-406.
—. 1905/06c. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 13. Topographical conclusions." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 431-39.
Tillyard, H. J. W. 1905/06a. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 9. Inscriptions from the Artemisium." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 351-93.
—. 1905/06b. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 14. Inscriptions from the altar, the acropolis, and other sites." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 441-79.
Traquair, R. 1905/06. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 12. The Roman stoa and the later fortifications." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 415-30.
Wace, A. J. B. 1905/06a. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 2. The city wall." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 284-88.
—. 1905/06b. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 3. The heroön." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 288-94.
—. 1905/06c. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 8. The stamped tiles." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 344-50.
—. 1905/06d. "Laconia II. Excavations at Sparta, 1906. § 11. The Roman baths (Arapissa)." Annual of the British School at Athens 12: 407-14.

Cambridge students and the influence of Sir William Ridgeway

(Sir) William Ridgeway was appointed Disney Professor at Cambridge in 1892 (in succession to Percy Gardner). He was to be a major influence on Cambridge students especially in the field of prehistory.

Among the students who are likely to have been influenced by him up to the First World War are, in order of study:

• Robert Carr Bosanquet: Trinity College, Part 2 1894.
• Frank Russell Earp: King's College, Part 2 1894.
• Frederick Arthur Charles Morrison: Jesus College, Part 2 1896.
• John Cuthbert Lawson: Pembroke College, Part 2 1897.
• Charles Douglas Edmonds: Emmanuel College, Part 2 1898.
• Clement Gutch: King's College, Part 2 1898.
• Solomon Charles Kaines Smith: Magdalene College, Part 2 1898.
• John Hubert Marshall: King's College, Part 2 1900.
• Frederick William Hasluck: King's College, Part 2 1901.
• Richard McGillivray Dawkins: Emmanuel College, Part 2 1902.
• John Laurence Stokes: Pembroke College, BA 1902.
• Alan John Bayard Wace: Pembroke College, Part 2 1902.
• John Percival Droop: Trinity College, Part 2 1904.
• Henry Julius Wetenhall Tillyard: Gonville & Caius College, Part 2 1904.
• Wilfred Jerome Farrell: Jesus College, Part 2 1905.
• Arnold Wycombe Gomme: Trinity College, Part 2 1908.
• Lawrence Berkley Tillard: St John's College, BA 1909.
• Eustace Mandeville Wetenhall Tillyard: Jesus College, Part 2 1911.
• Max Ludwig Wolfram Laistner: Jesus College, Part 2 1912.
• Cecil Allison Scutt: Clare College, Part 2 1912.

Among them are three directors (Bosanquet, Dawkins, Wace).

Reviews of Thermi

Winifred Lamb, Excavations at Thermi in Lesbos. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936.

• V. Gordon Childe, Man 36 (July 1936) 122-23. [JSTOR]
• TLS 5 September 1936, 710.
• D.B. Harden, 'Thermi in Lesbos', Classical Review 50, 6 (Dec. 1936) 232-33. [JSTOR]
• H. Philippart, AntClass 5 (1936) 440-41.
• Hetty Goldman, Classical Weekly 30, 18 (Mar. 22, 1937) 207-08. [JSTOR]
• V. Gordon Childe, Journal of Hellenic Studies 57, 1 (1937) 84-86. [JSTOR]
• S. Casson, Antiquity 11 (1937) 123-24.
• K. Bittel, Germania 21 (1937) 278-81.
• George E. Mylonas, The Classical Journal 33, 4 (Jan. 1938) 234-36. [JSTOR]
• Carl W. Blegen, American Journal of Archaeology 42, 4 (1938) 593-94. [JSTOR]
• Alan J.B. Wace, Antiquaries Journal 19 (1939) 98-99.

Mycenae 1921: Winifred Lamb

Winifred Lamb presented the results of the second season of excavations at Mycenae. She deputised for Wace at the annual meeting in October 1921. Her lecture was for 40-45 minutes and afterwards Sir Arthur Evans spoke and made 'charming compliment on my work w[ith] the frescoes'.

Image
© David Gill

Students at the British School at Athens (1918-23)

Students admitted under Alan Wace:

• Harold Collingham: 1919-20 (Craven Student). Queens' College, Cambridge.
  
• M. Tierney: 1919-20. University of Ireland.
  
• Arnold Walter Lawrence (1900-91): 1919-20 (Craven Fund); 1921-22; 1924-25 (Craven Fellow). New College, Oxford. [ODNB]
  
• J.B. Hutton: 1920-21 (Carnegie Trustees).
  
• Frank Laurence Lucas (1894-1967): 1920-21 (School Student). Trinity College, Cambridge [ODNB]
  
• Bernard Ashmole (1894-1988): 1920-21, 1921-22 (Craven Fellow). Hertford College, Oxford. [ODNB]
• Henry Theodore Wade Gery (1888-1972): 1920-21; 1921-22, 1922-23. New College, Oxford. [DBC]
  
• J.J.E. Hondius: 1920-21 (Foreign Student). University of Utrecht.
  
• C.A. Boethius: 1920-21, 1921-22 (Foreign Student). University of Upsala.
  
• L.ilian Chandler (Mrs Batey): 1920-21 (Gustav Sachs Memorial Studentship). University of Sheffield.
  
• Mary A.B. Herford (Mrs Gustav E.K. Braunholtz): 1920-21. University of Manchester; Somerville College, Oxford.
  
• Winifred Lamb (1894-1963): 1920-21; 1921-22, 1922-23, 1923-24, 1924-25, 1927-28, 1928-29, 1929-30, 1930-31. Newnham College, Cambridge. [ODNB]
  
• M.A. Hondius-Van Haeften: 1920-21 (Foreign Student). University of Utrecht.
  
• Walter Abel Heurtley (1882-1955): 1921-22, 1922-23. Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge; Oxford (Diploma of Archaeology). [DBC]
  
• Richard Wyatt Hutchinson (1894-1970): 1921-22; 1930-31. St John's College, Cambridge. [DBC]
  
• J.E. Scott: 1921-22. Emmanuel College, Cambridge.
  
• E. Smith: 1921-22 (Foreign Student). University of Christiana.
  
• A. Smith (Mrs E. Smith): 1921-22 (Foreign Student). University of Christiana.
• E. Kjellberg: 1921-22 (Foreign Student). University of Lund.
  
• J. Waldis: 1921-22 (Foreign Student). University of Zurich.
  
• G. Snijder: 1921-22 (Foreign Student). University of Utrecht.
  
• John Bell (1890-1958): 1922-23. Balliol College, Oxford. [Obituary: The Times 9 May 1958]
  
• Stewart Studdert Clarke (1897-1924): 1922-23, 1923-24 (Craven Fellow). Balliol College, Oxford. Drowned off Salamis. [Obituary: The Times 6 May 1924]
• Bertrand Leslie Hallward (1901-2003): 1922-23 (School Student). [ODNB]
  
• Duncan Campbell MacGregor (c. 1889-1939): 1922-23. Edinburgh University; Trinity College, Oxford. [Obituary: The Times 14 March 1939]
• Jocelyn Mary Pybus (Mrs A.M. Woodward) (d. 1974): 1922-23. Newnham College, Cambridge.
  
• A.G. Russell: 1922-23 (Sachs Student). University of Liverpool.
  
• Charles Theodore Seltman (1886-1957): 1922-23 (Prendergast Student). Queens' College, Cambridge. [DBC]
  
• O.J. Todd: 1922-23. University of British Columbia.
  
• J. Webb: 1922-23. University of Melbourne.
  

BSA Students from Cambridge and the Fitzwilliam Museum

Cambridge students made a large contribution to the life and research of the BSA in the period up to the outbreak of the First World War. Many of the students became donors of the Fitzwilliam Museum, including:

• Robert Carr Bosanquet
• Richard MacG. Dawkins
• John P. Droop
• Wilfrid Jerome Farrell
• Ernest A. Gardner
• Francis Henry Hill Guillemard
• F.W. Hasluck
• M.R. James
• W. Loring
• John Hubert Marshall
• Eustace M.W. Tillyard
• Alan J.B. Wace
• V.W. Yorke

BSA: The Cambridge Contribution

As Cambridge University celebrates its 800th anniversary (BBC), it is worth remembering the university's contribution to the BSA. The university made a major financial contribution to the work of the BSA. All but two of the directors in the period up to the end of the First World War were from Cambirdge:

• Francis Cranmer Penrose (1817-1903). Director: 1886/87.
  
• Ernest Arthur Gardner (1862-1939). Student: 1886/87; Director: 1887-1895.
  
• Robert Carr Bosanquet (1871-1935). Student: 1892/93, 1894-97; Assistant Director: 1899/1900; Director: 1900-06.
• Richard Macgillivray Dawkins (1871-1955). Student: 1902-05; Director: 1906-14. (1914/15, 1915/16, 1916/17, 1917/18).
• Alan John Bayard Wace (1879-1957). Student: 1902-11; Director: 1914-23.

Among the Cambridge scholars who influenced the early students was Sir William Ridgeway; classical archaeology thrived in the period up to the First World War.

The post-World War 1 period included scholars like John Pendlebury and Winifred Lamb. Material from BSA (and related) excavations (e.g. Cyprus; Melos; Crete; Laconia; Thermi) was donated to the Fitzwilliam Museum.

• Related items about Cambridge
• Index for Cambridge students at the BSA